To treat a wound, the general steps for minor wounds include cleaning, stopping bleeding, applying ointment, and bandaging. First, wash the wound thoroughly with clean water and mild soap to remove dirt and debris. Stop any bleeding by applying gentle pressure and elevating the wound if possible. Then, apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly or an antibiotic ointment to keep the wound moist and prevent infection. Cover the wound with a sterile bandage or dressing to keep it clean and change the dressing daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty. Pain relief can be managed with acetaminophen, but avoid aspirin as it may worsen bleeding. Keep the wound clean, dry, and protected, and avoid picking at scabs. If outdoors, use sunscreen on the healed wound to reduce scarring. Seek medical care if the wound is deep (more than half an inch), bleeding heavily or not stopping after 20 minutes of pressure, caused by an animal bite or rusty object, shows signs of infection (redness spreading, swelling, pus, warmth, or fever), or if the edges are jagged and require stitches. A tetanus shot may be necessary if the wound is dirty and the last vaccination was more than five years ago. In cases of severe wounds, a doctor might use stitches, surgical glue, or other treatments. In summary, treat minor wounds at home by cleaning, stopping bleeding, applying ointment, and bandaging, but consult a healthcare professional for deeper, infected, or severe wounds or for tetanus prevention.
