To treat kidney stones, the approach depends on the size, type, and symptoms caused by the stones. Here are the main treatment options:
Conservative Treatments for Small Stones
- Drink plenty of fluids , mainly water, to produce clear or nearly clear urine, which helps flush out the stones
- Pain relief using over-the-counter painkillers such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium for mild to moderate pain. Severe pain may require stronger medication or emergency treatment
- Medications to help pass stones , such as alpha blockers (e.g., tamsulosin), which relax the muscles in the ureter to allow stones to pass more quickly and with less pain
- Anti-sickness medication may be prescribed if nausea occurs
Dietary and Lifestyle Changes
- Reduce salt intake and avoid excessive animal protein to prevent new stones
- Add fresh lemon juice to water to help prevent stone formation
- Maintain a diet low in oxalate-rich foods if advised by your doctor
Medical Procedures for Larger or Problematic Stones
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) : Uses sound waves to break stones into smaller pieces that can be passed in urine. It is noninvasive but may cause discomfort and bruising
- Ureteroscopy : A thin scope is inserted through the urethra and bladder to the ureter to remove or break up stones. May require anesthesia
- Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) : Surgical removal of very large stones through a small incision in the back. Requires general anesthesia and hospital stay
- Parathyroid gland surgery may be necessary if stones are caused by overactive parathyroid glands
When to Seek Medical Help
- If you experience severe pain, blood in urine, fever, or inability to pass urine, see a doctor promptly
In summary, small kidney stones are often managed with fluids, pain relief, and medications to facilitate passage, while larger or complicated stones may require procedures like shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or surgery
. Dietary adjustments and preventive medications can help reduce recurrence
