how was the first simple microscope made

The first simple microscope was made in the late 16th century by Dutch spectacle makers. It is often attributed to Zacharias Janssen and his father Hans Janssen who created a device that used a convex objective lens and a concave eyepiece to magnify small objects. Around the same time, Hans Lippershey, another Dutch spectacle maker, is also credited with a similar invention. These early simple microscopes consisted of a single convex lens mounted in a tube or frame, allowing magnification by holding it close to the eye and the object. Later, in the 17th century, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek improved on the simple microscope by grinding his own very small, high-quality glass lenses that could magnify up to about 300 times. His simple microscopes were much like magnifying glasses but with a tiny, powerful lens mounted in a small frame with a pin to hold the sample. These microscopes did not have built-in light sources and relied on sunlight or candlelight. Van Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes allowed him to observe microorganisms and lay the foundation for microbiology. In summary, the first simple microscope was made by mounting a convex lens in a frame or tube to magnify tiny objects. This invention by Dutch spectacle makers like Janssen and Lippershey in the late 1500s was further refined by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s who crafted powerful single-lens microscopes for detailed observations.