If you are unable or unwilling for any reason to give breaths during CPR, the best action is to perform continuous chest compressions only, also known as compression-only CPR or hands-only CPR. This involves delivering uninterrupted chest compressions at a rate of about 100 to 120 compressions per minute, pressing down about 5 to 6 cm (2 to 2.5 inches) on the center of the person's chest until emergency medical help arrives or the person shows signs of life
. Compression-only CPR is recommended especially for untrained rescuers or those hesitant to provide rescue breaths due to fear of disease transmission or lack of protective equipment. It is better to provide continuous chest compressions than to do nothing at all, as chest compressions circulate the oxygen already present in the blood to vital organs like the brain and heart during the first few minutes after cardiac arrest
. However, rescue breaths remain important in certain cases, such as cardiac arrest in children, infants, or situations caused by asphyxia (e.g., drowning, choking), where oxygen delivery is critical. But when rescue breaths cannot be given, compression-only CPR is still the preferred alternative
. In summary:
- Call emergency services immediately.
- Perform continuous chest compressions at a rate of 100-120/min and depth of 5-6 cm.
- Do not stop compressions until help arrives or the person shows signs of recovery.
- Use an AED if available as soon as possible.
This approach maximizes the chance of survival when rescue breaths cannot be provided
