The recent conflict between India and Pakistan in 2025 was triggered by a deadly militant attack on April 22 in Indian-administered Kashmir, where 26 civilians, mostly tourists, were killed. The militant group The Resistance Front (TRF), linked to Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba, claimed responsibility. India accused Pakistan of supporting cross-border terrorism, which Pakistan denied
. In response, India launched missile strikes on May 7, called Operation Sindoor, targeting militant camps and infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan- administered Kashmir. India stated these strikes avoided Pakistani military sites, aiming only at terrorist infrastructure. Pakistan reported civilian casualties and damage to civilian areas, denying any involvement in the initial attack and accusing India of targeting civilians
. The conflict escalated with reciprocal missile and drone strikes between the two nuclear-armed neighbors, including attacks on military bases and urban centers. Pakistan launched Operation Bunyan al-Marsus targeting Indian military bases on May 10. The confrontation marked the first drone battle between India and Pakistan
. After four days of intense fighting, a ceasefire was agreed upon on May 10, brokered with the help of American mediators. Both sides claimed victory but also suffered losses, including aircraft for India and civilian casualties in Pakistan. The ceasefire remains fragile amid ongoing accusations of violations from both sides
. This flare-up is part of a long history of conflict rooted in the 1947 Partition and the disputed Kashmir region. The recent events have led to severe diplomatic fallout, including suspension of treaties, visa restrictions, border closures, and trade disruptions between the two countries
. In summary, the 2025 India-Pakistan conflict was a rapid escalation from a terrorist attack to a brief but intense military confrontation involving missile and drone strikes, ending in a ceasefire but leaving tensions high and relations severely strained
