The sequence of physical and emotional occurrences when a person is participating in a sexually stimulating activity is known as the sexual response cycle. This cycle typically consists of four stages:
- Excitement (or arousal) – The body begins to respond to sexual stimulation. Physical changes include muscle tension, increased heart rate and blood pressure, nipples becoming erect, blood flow increasing to the genitals (e.g., erection of the penis, vaginal lubrication and swelling), and other bodily responses such as flushed skin and faster breathing.
- Plateau – The changes begin to intensify. For example, swelling and sensitivity in the genitals increase, breathing and heart rate continue to rise, and muscle tension increases further.
- Orgasm – The peak of the sexual response cycle, characterized by rhythmic muscle contractions, release of sexual tension, and in men, ejaculation; in women, contractions of the pelvic muscles and uterus. This stage is very brief, usually lasting only a few seconds.
- Resolution (or relaxation) – The body gradually returns to its resting state. Men typically experience a refractory period in which they cannot become aroused again immediately, while women may be able to experience additional orgasms if stimulation continues.
This cycle encompasses both physical changes (like muscle contractions, heart rate changes, genital responses) and emotional experiences during sexual activity such as intimacy and pleasure. Understanding this cycle can aid in sexual health and relationship satisfaction. This is the standard framework describing these events across both men and women, though individual experiences vary widely, including the timing and intensity of each phase.
