Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues and cells. This immune attack causes inflammation and can damage many parts of the body including the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. There are several types of lupus:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): The most common form, which can be mild or severe and affect many body parts.
- Cutaneous lupus: Affects the skin, causing rashes or sores, especially after sun exposure. Types include discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus.
- Drug-induced lupus: Triggered by a reaction to certain medications, with symptoms usually disappearing after stopping the medicine.
- Neonatal lupus: A rare condition affecting newborns, caused by antibodies passed from the mother during pregnancy.
The exact cause of lupus is unknown, but it likely involves a combination of genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune system factors. Common triggers include sunlight, infections, certain medicines, and stress. Symptoms vary widely but often include:
- Fatigue
- Joint pain and swelling
- Skin rashes, including a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose
- Mouth ulcers
- Hair loss
- Fever
- Sensitivity to sunlight
- Other organ-specific symptoms depending on disease severity and organs involved
Lupus tends to have periods of flare-ups (when symptoms worsen) and remissions (when symptoms improve). It is more common in women, especially those aged 15 to 45, and is more frequent and often more severe in certain ethnic groups. There is currently no cure, but symptoms can be managed with medication and lifestyle adjustments to reduce flare-ups and organ damage. In summary, lupus is a complex autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and damage to various body tissues due to an overactive immune response against the body's own cells. It presents with diverse symptoms and requires careful medical management. If you want, I can provide more details on symptoms, diagnosis, or treatment options.
