Melasma and hyperpigmentation are two common skin conditions that cause discoloration. Melasma is a form of hyperpigmentation that is most common in women and is triggered by various factors, making it somewhat difficult to treat. It is often caused by hormonal influences and sun exposure. On the other hand, hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition in which patches of skin are darker than the surrounding skin, and it can appear as freckles, sun spots, dark spots, or larger dark patches. It can be the result of sun damage. Some ingredients that have been reviewed for the management of hyperpigmentation include azelaic acid, aloesin, mulberry, licorice extracts, kojic acid, niacinamide, and arbutin
. Topical skin lightening agents, chemical peels, and light therapy are effective in the treatment of melasma
. For hyperpigmentation, creams containing skin-lightening ingredients such as hydroquinone can be prescribed
. It's important to note that the effectiveness of natural ingredients in the management of hyperpigmentation is still a topic of research, and it's recommended to consult a dermatologist for the most suitable treatment for individual cases.
