Over-the-counter (OTC) anti-inflammatory medications primarily include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), and aspirin. These drugs help reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and lower fever. Naproxen is considered the strongest OTC NSAID, providing longer-lasting relief, while ibuprofen is effective and approved for use in children. Aspirin is also commonly used but may cause more stomach irritation and is sometimes used at low doses for other health purposes.
Common OTC Anti-Inflammatories
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin): Reduces inflammation and pain; suitable for children; effects last about 4-6 hours.
- Naproxen (Aleve): Stronger than ibuprofen with longer-lasting effects (8-12 hours).
- Aspirin : Also relieves inflammation and pain, but can cause stomach irritation and is less commonly recommended for general pain relief compared to ibuprofen and naproxen.
How They Work
NSAIDs block enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2, which produce prostaglandins—chemicals involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin production, these drugs decrease inflammation and provide symptom relief.
Usage Considerations
- OTC NSAIDs are effective for conditions like arthritis, muscle strains, sprains, headaches, menstrual cramps, and common colds.
- Side effects can include stomach upset, bleeding, and increased risk of heart attack or stroke, especially with long-term use or higher doses.
- It is advised to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time necessary.
- People with certain health conditions or taking specific medications should consult a healthcare provider before use.
Alternatives
Acetaminophen is another common OTC pain reliever but does not have anti- inflammatory properties. This summary provides an overview of the most common and effective OTC anti-inflammatory medicines and their safe usage.
