Over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics generally refer to antibiotic medications available without a prescription. In the United States and many other countries, oral antibiotics that treat bacterial infections require a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider. Most antibiotics are not available OTC due to concerns about safety, proper diagnosis, and the risk of antibiotic resistance caused by misuse. However, some topical antibiotics are available over the counter. These OTC topical antibiotics are typically used for minor skin conditions such as cuts, scrapes, burns, acne, and minor infections. Examples of popular OTC topical antibiotics include:
- Neosporin (a combination of bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B)
- Polysporin (bacitracin and polymyxin B)
- Bacitracin alone
- Benzoyl peroxide for acne treatment
Topical antibiotics work by being applied directly to the skin and are commonly found in ointments, creams, and sprays. While these can be effective for minor issues, they are not suitable for serious infections or infections requiring oral or injectable antibiotics, which need a doctor's prescription. The main reasons oral antibiotics are prescription-only include the need for proper diagnosis to ensure the infection is bacterial (and not viral), to select the correct antibiotic, and to prevent antibiotic resistance and other potential side effects. In summary:
- No oral antibiotics are available OTC in the U.S.
- Some topical antibiotic ointments/creams are available OTC for minor skin problems.
- Prescription antibiotics are required for most bacterial infections and systemic treatment.
If an infection worsens or does not improve after using OTC topical antibiotics, or if the infection is more serious, consulting a healthcare professional is necessary.
