Pigmentation refers to the color of the skin, which is determined by the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the skin. Pigmentation can be affected by various factors, including genetics, sun exposure, and skin trauma. Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition that causes darker patches of skin due to excess melanin production. It can be caused by acne scars, sun damage, hormone fluctuations, and other factors.
Ingredients and materials that can help reduce hyperpigmentation include vitamin C, licorice root, kojic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, and retinoids. These ingredients work by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for the formation of skin-darkening melanin. However, it is important to note that there are many products and claims on the internet that may not be effective or safe.
According to EW Nutrition, there are three critical factors for successful pigmentation: product quality, pigment intake, absorption, and deposition, and the persistence of the pigment in the final product. Natural pigments can vary due to growth conditions, harvest, and handling, so it is important for producers to control incoming materials and conduct proper formulation during the production process to obtain an adequate level of pigments for appropriate pigmentation.
Positive and negative effects of pigmentation depend on the context. For example, skin pigmentation can protect against sunburn and skin cancer, but it can also lead to uneven skin tone and hyperpigmentation. In animal production, pigmentation is important for the appearance of meat and eggs, but excessive pigmentation can lead to consumer rejection.
