A commonly used method to liquefy atmospheric gases is by applying high pressure and lowering the temperature of the gases, a process often achieved through cryogenic distillation. This involves compressing the gases and cooling them to very low temperatures until they condense into liquid form. Two prominent methods utilized in industrial applications are the Joule- Thomson effect and the Claude process, both involving stages of compression, cooling, and controlled expansion to reach liquefaction. The decrease in temperature reduces the kinetic energy of gas molecules, and increased pressure brings molecules closer, enabling intermolecular attraction to form liquids. This approach is essential in producing and storing liquefied gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and argon for various industrial, medical, and scientific uses.
