Taurine is a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid, often called an amino acid, found widely in animal tissues including the human body. It is not used to build proteins but has several important physiological roles such as maintaining proper hydration and electrolyte balance in cells, forming bile salts important for digestion, regulating minerals like calcium within cells, supporting the nervous system, and contributing to immune system function.
It was first isolated from ox bile in 1827, which is why its name derives from the Latin word "taurus" meaning bull or ox. Humans can synthesize taurine from amino acids like cysteine, making it non-essential for most adults, though infants and certain health conditions may require it from diet or supplements. Taurine is abundant in foods like meat, fish, and dairy and is also a common ingredient in energy drinks (although not derived from bulls or bull substances directly).
In summary, taurine is a versatile compound important for many bodily functions but is usually sufficiently supplied by the body itself and a normal diet.
