transport that occurs without a cell expending any of its own energy is called transport.

The transport that occurs without a cell expending any of its own energy is called passive transport. Passive transport is the movement of molecules across cell membranes without the use of cellular energy, driven by natural concentration gradients from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. Examples include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. This process allows the cell to move substances in and out efficiently without energy expenditure, maintaining cellular homeostasis.