Under Title IX, individuals protected from sex-based discrimination include any person—students, faculty, and staff—regardless of their real or perceived sex, gender identity, or gender expression. This protection covers female, male, transgender, and gender non-conforming individuals. Title IX prohibits discrimination, harassment, and sexual violence in educational programs or activities receiving federal funding. It also prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity as interpretations following Supreme Court decisions have expanded the scope of sex-based protections to include LGBTQ+ individuals.
