Generally, you are first eligible to sign up for Medicare 3 months before you turn 65 and ending 3 months after the month you turn 65. However, you may be able to get Medicare earlier if you have a disability, End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant), or ALS (also called Lou Gehrig’s disease) . If you start getting retirement or disability benefits from Social Security before you turn 65, you may automatically get Medicare, while others have to actively sign up. If you or your spouse worked for at least 10 years, at jobs where you paid Medicare taxes, you may also be eligible for Medicare.