what are active and passive components

Active and passive components are two fundamental types of electronic elements used in circuits. The main difference between them lies in their ability to supply or control energy. Active components, such as diodes and transistors, are capable of supplying energy to a circuit and can control the flow of current. They do not require an external source for operation and can provide power gain. On the other hand, passive components, like resistors, inductors, and capacitors, are energy acceptors. They do not supply energy to the circuit and do not provide power gain. Passive components can only influence the flow of power but do not require an external power source to function