Canker Sores: Understanding the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in the mouth or at the base of the gums. They are not contagious and can be extremely painful, making eating and talking difficult. Most canker sores go away on their own in a week or two.
Symptoms
- Canker sores are round or oval with a white or yellow center and a red border. They can occur singly or in clusters on the inside surfaces of the cheeks or lips, on or under the tongue, at the base of the gums, or on the soft palate.
- They may cause a tingling or burning sensation, often 6 to 24 hours before they appear, and can be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes in severe cases.
Causes
- The exact cause of most canker sores is unknown, but they can be triggered by various factors such as stress, tissue injury, certain foods (e.g., citrus or acidic fruits and vegetables), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allergies, hormonal shifts, nutritional deficiencies, genetics, and certain medical conditions like inflammatory bowel diseases.
- Other potential triggers include mouth injury from dental work, cleaning the teeth too roughly, biting the tongue or cheek, and sensitivity to specific foods or toothpaste ingredients.
Treatment
- Most canker sores go away without treatment, but over-the-counter or prescription gels, ointments, rinses, and pain-relieving medications can help manage the discomfort.
- Home remedies such as rinsing the mouth with salt water or mild, over-the-counter mouthwashes, and applying a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water directly to the sore using a cotton swab may also provide relief.
In conclusion, canker sores are painful mouth ulcers that can be caused by a variety of factors, and while they are not contagious, they can be uncomfortable. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatments can help individuals manage and alleviate the discomfort associated with canker sores.
