Corticosteroids, also known as steroids, are a class of anti-inflammatory drugs that are commonly prescribed for a wide range of conditions. They are synthetic versions of hormones that are normally produced by the adrenal glands, which are two small glands that sit on top of the kidneys. Corticosteroids are different from the male hormone-related steroid compounds that some athletes abuse.
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Uses: Corticosteroids are mainly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. They are prescribed for various conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, allergies, and organ rejection in transplant recipients. They can also be used to replace certain hormones that are not naturally produced by the body, as in the case of Addisons disease.
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Types: Corticosteroids are available in different forms, including tablets (oral steroids), injections (into blood vessels, joints, or muscles), inhalers (like mouth or nasal sprays), and lotions, gels, or creams (topical steroids). Some common corticosteroid medicines include cortisone, prednisone, and methylprednisolone.
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Mechanism of Action: Corticosteroids work by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system. Inflammation is a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect against infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses.
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Benefits and Side Effects: Corticosteroids provide fast and efficient relief from inflammation, but they also come with a range of side effects, especially when used long-term. The benefits and risks of corticosteroid use should be carefully balanced by healthcare professionals when prescribing these medications.
