what are endocrine disruptors

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the endocrine (hormonal) system in the body. They can mimic, block, or alter the natural hormones responsible for regulating development, reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis. These disruptions may lead to various adverse health effects including fertility problems, developmental abnormalities, cognitive and brain function issues, metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity, certain cancers, and immune system problems. Endocrine disruptors can be found in many everyday products such as pesticides, plastics (e.g., bisphenol A), flame retardants, personal care items, food packaging, and industrial chemicals. They affect hormone synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, or elimination, thereby impacting multiple bodily systems controlled by hormones. Due to their potential risks, some endocrine disruptors have been banned or are under regulatory review, although scientific understanding of their effects at low exposure levels is still evolving.