A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that connects two organs or vessels that do not usually connect. They can develop anywhere between an intestine and the skin, between the vagina and the rectum, and other places. Fistulas are usually the result of an injury or surgery, but infection or inflammation can also cause a fistula to form. The most common location for a fistula is around the anus. Most anal fistulas form in reaction to an anal gland that has become infected, which causes an abscess that drains on its own or is drained surgically through the skin next to the anus. The following are some types of fistulas:
- Anorectal fistulas: occur between the anal canal and the skin around the anal opening.
- Rectovaginal or Anovaginal fistulas: occur when a hole develops between the rectum or anus and the vagina.
- Colovaginal fistulas: occur between the colon and the vagina.
- Urinary tract fistulas: these are abnormal openings within a urinary tract organ or an abnormal connection between a urinary tract organ and another organ.
Treatment options for fistulas include medications, surgery, or both. Surgical treatment options include fistulotomy, filling the fistula with a special glue or plug, reconstructive surgery, or surgery that is done in stages.
