Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, also known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, incretin mimetics, or GLP-1 analogs, are a class of medications primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and, in some cases, obesity
. These drugs work by:
- Decreasing pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis while promoting insulin secretion
- Slowing gastric emptying, suppressing appetite, and improving satiety
- Reducing inappropriate glucagon secretion and promoting beta-cell proliferation
Some examples of GLP-1 agonist drugs include exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide
. These medications are often injectable and cannot treat type 2 diabetes or obesity alone. They require other treatment strategies, such as lifestyle and dietary changes
. GLP-1 agonists have been shown to promote an average weight loss of 2.9 kilograms, lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and reduce total cholesterol
. They can also improve left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial contractility, coronary blood flow, cardiac output, and endothelial function while reducing infarction size and overall risks for a cardiovascular event
. However, these drugs may not be suitable for everyone, and it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan
