what are hiccups

Hiccups are involuntary contractions (spasms) of the diaphragm, the muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing. These contractions cause a sudden intake of air that is quickly stopped by the closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic "hic" sound. Hiccups may occur individually or in repetitive bouts and usually resolve on their own within a few minutes. They can be triggered by irritation of the diaphragm or related nerves due to various factors such as eating too quickly, spicy foods, alcohol, or emotional excitement. While typically harmless and temporary, prolonged hiccups lasting more than 48 hours can indicate underlying medical conditions and may require medical attention.