Marshes
A marsh is a type of wetland characterized by the dominance of herbaceous plants and seasonal waterlogging. According to ecological definitions, marshes are low-lying areas that can be found at the edges of lakes and streams, serving as a transition between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. They are often dominated by grasses, rushes, or reeds, and if woody plants are present, they tend to be low-growing shrubs. Marshes provide habitats for various forms of wildlife, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, waterfowl, and aquatic mammals. They are also important for carbon sequestration, climate resilience of coastal areas, and waterways. There are three main types of marshes: tidal salt marshes, tidal freshwater marshes, and inland freshwater marshes.
Marshes play a crucial role in the environment, as they filter nutrients and pollution from water, protect communities from rising sea levels and harsh storms, support breeding grounds for commercially valuable fish, and offer recreational opportunities. They are also vital habitats for local wildlife and contribute to the environmental health of regions. Tidal marshes, in particular, are crucial for coastal resiliency, offering protection against infrastructure damage and loss of life from storm surge and flooding. They trap sediments, buffer storm surge, and provide shoreline erosion control, offering valuable storm protection services.
