Network devices are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. They are physical or software components that establish and maintain a secure and effective internet connection, and facilitate data transmission and communication between devices. Network devices can be classified by their location and role in the network, and include core network components, hybrid components, and hardware or software components that typically sit on the connection point of different networks. Some examples of network devices include routers, modems, hubs, repeaters, switches, gateways, and network interface cards (NICs) . These devices play a crucial role in enabling organizations to transfer information as securely as possible, and promote multiprocessing and resource sharing.