Passive speakers are a type of speaker that require an external amplifier to function. They are commonly used in home audio systems and require speaker cables to connect to the amplifier. Passive speakers work using an amplified signal, and if the speaker has more than one driver, the signal gets split into low and high frequencies in a circuit called a crossover. One of the benefits of passive speakers is the flexibility they offer, as users can mix-and-match their cables and amplification, and upgrade them as needed. They are also typically less expensive than their equivalent active versions. Another advantage of passive speakers is that the owner can use whatever amplifier they want, providing a wide selection of options for the user.
Passive speakers are different from active speakers, which have their own built-in amplifier. Active speakers draw their power from an internal amplifier and do not require an external one. They are commonly seen in pro audio for PA systems and monitors, as well as in consumer audio for subwoofers, Bluetooth speakers, and some other home audio speakers. Active speakers are neater in terms of system setup, especially when used wirelessly, and they offer the benefit of component-matching, allowing users to tweak the combination of amplifier, source, DAC, speaker cables, and interconnects.
In summary, passive speakers require an external amplifier, while active speakers have a built-in amplifier. The choice between passive and active speakers depends on the users specific needs, preferences, and the intended use of the speakers.
