Plant hormones are chemical compounds that are present in very low concentrations in plants and play a crucial role in controlling various growth and development activities such as cell division, enlargement, flowering, seed formation, dormancy, and abscission. They are derived from different compounds such as indole (auxins), terpenes (gibberellins), adenine (cytokinins), carotenoids (abscisic acid), and gases (ethylene) . These hormones are produced in almost all parts of the plant and are transmitted to various parts of the plant, where they may act synergistically or individually. The main functions of plant hormones include inducing root growth, root hair formation, increasing the absorption surface, stimulating femaleness in monoecious plants, and promoting apical hook formation in dicot seedlings. Additionally, plant hormones can be categorized into two categories: plant growth promoters and plant growth inhibitors. Plant hormones are essential for processes like vernalization, phototropism, seed germination, dormancy, and abscission, along with extrinsic factors. Synthetic plant hormones are also exogenously applied for controlled crop production.
In summary, plant hormones are vital for the growth and development of plants, and they play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. Their diverse functions and modes of action make them essential for the overall well-being of plants.
