Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for the body, especially the digestive system. They are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep the gut healthy. The body is full of bacteria, both good and bad, and probiotics help replace the "good" bacteria that may be lost, for example, after taking antibiotics. Probiotics can be found in supplements and some foods, like yogurt.
Researchers are still trying to figure out exactly how probiotics work, but some of the ways they may keep the body healthy include:
- Replacing "good" bacteria in the body that may be lost after taking antibiotics.
- Helping to fight off bad bacteria when there is too much of it in the body.
- Helping to ease the symptoms of digestive problems.
- Supporting the immune system.
Probiotics may contain a variety of microorganisms, but the most common are bacteria that belong to groups called Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Other bacteria and yeasts may also be used as probiotics. Probiotics are available as dietary supplements, but not all products labeled as "probiotics" on the market have proven health benefits.
It is important to note that much remains to be learned about whether probiotics are helpful and safe for various health conditions. Researchers are still working towards finding answers to questions such as which probiotics are helpful and which are not, how much of the probiotic people would have to take, and who would be most likely to benefit.
