The 14th Amendment to the US Constitution contains several important concepts, but the four main points are:
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Citizenship: Section 1 of the amendment states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.
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Equal Protection: Section 1 also prohibits states from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
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Apportionment: Section 2 deals with the apportionment of representatives to Congress.
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Civil War Debt: Section 4 addresses federal debt and repudiates debts accrued by the Confederacy.
These four points are contained within the 14th Amendment, which was ratified in 1868 as part of the Reconstruction Amendments following the Civil War.
