The Four Noble Truths are the essence of Buddhas teachings and are considered the foundation of Buddhism. They are:
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The truth of suffering (dukkha): This truth identifies the presence of suffering, which can be of a physical or mental nature.
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The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya): This truth seeks to determine the cause of suffering, which is desire and ignorance. By desire, Buddhists refer to craving pleasure, material goods, and immortality, all of which are wants that can never be satisfied.
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The truth of the end of suffering (nirodha): This truth has dual meaning, suggesting either the end of suffering in this life or the end of rebirth and the attainment of Nirvana.
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The truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering (magga): This truth is the Eightfold Path, which is a set of guidelines for living a life that leads to the end of suffering.
The Four Noble Truths are a contingency plan for dealing with the suffering humanity faces. They are called "noble" because they liberate us from suffering. The Buddha himself realized these truths through meditation, and we can too. The Four Noble Truths are accepted by all schools of Buddhism and have been the subject of extensive commentary.
