Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. There are two major types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) . The functions of nucleic acids include:
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Storage and expression of genomic information: DNA encodes the information cells need to make proteins, and RNA plays multiple cellular roles, including protein synthesis.
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Transmission of inherent characters from parent to offspring: Nucleic acids are responsible for the transmission of specific characteristics from one generation to the other.
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Synthesis of protein in our body: Nucleic acids are responsible for the synthesis of proteins in our body.
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DNA fingerprinting: DNA fingerprinting is a method used by forensic experts to determine paternity, identify criminals, and has played a major role in establishing the identity of individuals.
DNA and RNA have different structures and functions. While DNA stores genetic information, RNA is involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation, as well as storing genetic information in some viruses.
