what are the independent and dependent variables

In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling, and experimental sciences, there are two types of variables: dependent and independent variables. Dependent variables are studied under the assumption that they depend on the values of other variables, while independent variables are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. In research, independent variables are the variables that are manipulated or varied in an experimental study to explore their effects, while dependent variables are the variables that change as a result of the independent variable manipulation. In other words, the independent variable is the cause, while the dependent variable is the effect in a causal research study. For example, if someone was studying the effects of pollution on asthma, the incidence of asthma would be the dependent variable, while pollution would be the independent variable. In an experiment, any variable that can be attributed a value without attributing a value to any other variable is called an independent variable. Models and experiments test the effects that the independent variables have on the dependent variables.