The steps of scientific investigation, commonly known as the scientific method, generally include the following key stages:
- Ask a Question
The investigation begins by identifying a specific, testable question based on observations or curiosity about a phenomenon
- Conduct Background Research
Gather existing information and previous studies related to the question to understand what is already known and to refine the question or approach
- Formulate a Hypothesis
Develop a testable and falsifiable hypothesis, often framed as an "if-then" statement, that proposes a possible answer or explanation to the question
- Design and Perform an Experiment
Plan and conduct experiments or investigations to test the hypothesis. This includes controlling variables, defining materials and methods, and collecting data
- Collect and Analyze Data
Organize and summarize the experimental data using statistical tools, graphs, and tables to identify patterns, relationships, or trends
- Draw Conclusions
Interpret the data to determine whether it supports or refutes the hypothesis. Conclusions should be consistent with the evidence collected
- Communicate Results
Share findings through reports, presentations, or publications to contribute to scientific knowledge and allow others to review and replicate the work
These steps may be iterative, with scientists revisiting earlier stages based on new insights or results
. In summary, the scientific investigation process typically follows this
sequence:
Ask a question → Research → Hypothesis → Experiment → Data analysis →
Conclusion → Communication
