Tonsil stones, also called tonsilloliths, are small lumps of hardened material that form in the crevices or crypts of the tonsils. They consist of a buildup of debris such as food particles, dead cells, mucus, and bacteria, which can mineralize mainly with calcium salts, forming pebble-like clumps that are often white, yellow, or pale gray. Though usually harmless, tonsil stones may cause symptoms including bad breath, a sensation of something stuck in the throat, slight discomfort when swallowing, sore throat, cough, or earache. They are often found in people who have repeated tonsil infections, chronic inflammation, or naturally large tonsillar crypts. Tonsil stones are generally not painful and may go unnoticed, but in some cases, they cause discomfort or other issues that might require medical attention or removal. Good oral hygiene and gargling with saltwater can help prevent or manage them.
