Tension headaches are the most common type of headache, causing mild to moderate pain that is often described as feeling like a tight band around the head
. The exact cause of tension headaches is not well understood, but several factors are thought to be involved, including genetics, environment, and muscle contractions in the head and neck
. Some possible causes and triggers of tension headaches include:
- Stress, depression, head injury, or anxiety
- Physical or emotional stress
- Alcohol use or caffeine (too much or withdrawal)
- Cold, flu, or sinus infection
- Dental problems such as jaw clenching or teeth grinding
- Eye strain
- Excessive smoking
- Fatigue or overexertion
- Changes in estrogen levels during a woman's period or at menopause
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Chronic overwork
- Too much or too little sleep
- Missing meals
Researchers believe that tension headaches may be caused by changes in brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, similar to what happens with a migraine
. Tight muscles may help trigger the changes in neurotransmitters, but the exact mechanism is still unknown
. To manage tension headaches, it is essential to practice healthy habits, find effective nonmedicine treatments, and use medicines appropriately
. Some home treatments for tension headaches include relaxation techniques, gentle stretching, and maintaining a balanced diet
. If home treatment doesn't work, healthcare providers may have medications and other therapies to ease tension headache pressure
