The war between Israel and Palestine in 2023 has its roots in a long-standing conflict that dates back to the end of the nineteenth century. The conflict pits Israeli demands for security in what it has long regarded as a hostile region against Palestinian aspirations for a state of their own. The conflict escalated due to deteriorating relations between Hamas and Fatah, resulting in violence, and an agreement to form a national unity government falling apart. The conflict has historical roots, including the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the displacement of Palestinians, and subsequent wars and territorial disputes, such as the 1967 Six-Day War, which saw Israel gain control over the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. The recent war in 2023 broke out between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militants from the Gaza Strip after the latter launched a multi-pronged invasion of southern Israel, leading to significant military escalation in the region. The conflict also involves Israeli demands for security in a hostile region and Palestinian aspirations for statehood, which have drawn in outside powers and destabilized the wider Middle East. The recent war broke out between Israel and Hamas, the militant Islamist group that has controlled Gaza since 2006, with Hamas fighters firing rockets into Israel and storming southern Israeli. The conflict is complex and deeply rooted in historical, political, and territorial issues, making it a challenging and longstanding issue to resolve.