Tension headaches are the most common type of headache, and they are characterized by mild to moderate pain that is often described as feeling like a tight band around the head. The exact cause of tension headaches is not known, but several factors are thought to be involved, including muscle contractions in the head and neck, genetics, and environment. Some people get tension headaches in response to stressful events or hectic days. The following are some of the triggers that can cause tension headaches:
- Physical or emotional stress
- Alcohol use
- Caffeine (too much or withdrawal)
- Colds, the flu, or a sinus infection
- Dental problems such as jaw clenching or teeth grinding
- Eye strain
- Excessive smoking
- Fatigue or overexertion
- Poor posture
- Hunger
- Low iron levels
- Straining your eyes
- Dehydration
- Skipping meals
- Smoking
Tension headaches can also be triggered by any activity that causes the head to be held in one position for a long time without moving, such as typing or other computer work, fine work with the hands, and using a microscope. Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may also trigger a tension headache.
Symptoms of tension headaches include dull, aching head pain, a tight band or vise on or around the head, and pain that may involve the back part of the head or neck and possibly the shoulders. If your headache is mild to moderate, without other symptoms, and responds to home treatment within a few hours, you may not need further examination or testing.
