Yeast infections in women are primarily caused by an overgrowth of the yeast species Candida, most commonly Candida albicans. Normally, this yeast exists in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, digestive tract, and on the skin without causing problems, as it is kept in balance by the body's natural bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus. Several factors can disrupt this balance and lead to a yeast infection, including:
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, or taking birth control pills can change the vaginal environment and promote yeast overgrowth.
- Antibiotics: These kill the beneficial bacteria in the vagina that usually keep yeast growth under control.
- Uncontrolled diabetes: High blood sugar levels provide an ideal environment for yeast to grow.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions such as HIV or treatments like chemotherapy can reduce immune defenses, allowing yeast to multiply.
- Use of vaginal sprays or douches: These products can alter the natural bacterial balance.
- Sexual contact: Although yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections, they can be passed between partners.
- Moist, warm conditions: These favor yeast growth, as can tight or synthetic clothing.
- Stress and lifestyle factors: Stress and lack of sleep may also contribute to risk.
In summary, yeast infections are caused when the natural balance of yeast and bacteria in the vagina is disrupted by hormonal changes, medications, immune system issues, or environmental factors that promote overgrowth of Candida yeast. This overgrowth results in symptoms such as itching, irritation, and abnormal discharge. Careful management of risk factors can help prevent yeast infections from occurring. If symptoms persist, medical diagnosis and treatment are recommended to confirm the infection and use appropriate antifungal therapy. This information is based on medical sources including WebMD, Mayo Clinic, and others.
