Closed comedones, also known as whiteheads, are tiny bumps on the skin that occur when dead skin cells and natural oils block skin pores. They are a form of acne that can appear anywhere on the skin, most commonly on the face, chest, back, and shoulders. Closed comedones are different from open comedones, which are blackheads that have an opening on the skins surface. The air exposure oxidizes the buildup of sebum and dead skin cells, leading to the dark coloration of blackheads. Closed comedones, on the other hand, have no opening, so the debris isnt exposed to air, keeping the comedones white or flesh-colored.
The biggest culprits behind closed comedones are excess sebum and hormonal changes. Excessive activity of the male sex hormone 5-testosterone (DHT) within skin cells and reduced linoleate (the salt of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid) in sebum causing more scale and reduced barrier function are also factors that contribute to the development of comedones. Certain types of ingredients in food, such as dairy, sugars, and fats, can also contribute to comedonal acne. Closed comedones can also form as a result of using skin-care or beauty products that are occlusive or irritating.
To prevent closed comedones, it is best to avoid using occlusive or irritating skin-care or beauty products. It is also important to maintain good hygiene and avoid touching the face with dirty hands. A healthy diet that is low in dairy, sugars, and fats may also help prevent comedonal acne. If closed comedones persist, it is best to consult a board-certified dermatologist or licensed technician for treatment options.
