what causes dark circles under eyes

Dark circles under the eyes can be caused by a variety of factors, including aging, genetics, allergies, fatigue, and lack of sleep. Other possible causes include smoking, drinking alcohol, stress, and dehydration. The skin under the eyes can appear darker due to constricted blood vessels causing hyperpigmentation or from thinning of the skin around the eyes. In some cases, dark circles may be a sign of an underlying medical condition such as eczema, melasma, or anemia. Treatments range from home remedies such as cold compresses to medical procedures such as laser therapy, injectable fillers, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the dark circles