Fingernails can split down the middle due to various factors, including:
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Physical stress and trauma: Stubbing a toe, catching a nail on something, or pinching a finger can cause a small or large split in the nail.
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Moisture: Long-term exposure to moisture, such as frequent wetting and drying of the hands during dishwashing or handwashing, can weaken the nail and make it more prone to splitting.
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Nail cosmetics and procedures: Using nail hardeners, polish, polish removers, or solvents, as well as undergoing nail procedures, can contribute to nail splitting.
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Occupational exposure to chemicals: People who work with alkalis, acids, cement, solvents, thioglycolates, salt, sugar solutions, and other chemicals may be at a higher risk of developing nail splitting.
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Injury to the nail bed: Severe injuries that affect the nail bed can lead to nail splitting.
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Picking or biting: Habitually picking or biting the nails can cause stress to the nail and result in self-inflicted splits or broken nails.
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Underlying medical conditions: Nail splitting can be a symptom of various medical problems, including psoriasis, thyroid disease, kidney disease, skin cancers, liver disease, and fungal, bacterial, or yeast infections.
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Nutrient deficiencies: A central ridge or vertical split down the middle of the nail may indicate a dietary deficiency in iron.
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Hereditary factors: Some people may have hereditary nail syndromes that cause their nails to be weak, deformed, and prone to splitting.
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Age: Nails can become dry, ridged, and more prone to splitting over time, especially in women over the age of 50.
