what causes flatulence

Flatulence is caused by the buildup of gas in the digestive system. This gas can come from two main sources: swallowing air and the natural digestive process involving intestinal bacteria. When food is incompletely digested in the stomach or small intestine, it reaches the large intestine where bacteria ferment it, producing gas as a by-product. Certain foods high in complex carbohydrates, such as beans, lentils, and some vegetables like cabbage and broccoli, as well as dairy products for lactose-intolerant individuals, can increase flatulence due to their resistance to digestion and fermentation by gut bacteria. Swallowed air during eating, drinking, or other habits like chewing gum also contributes to intestinal gas. Additionally, certain health conditions (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, lactose intolerance), some medications, and artificial sweeteners may increase flatulence. The unpleasant odor of flatulence is mainly due to volatile sulfur compounds produced by bacteria in the gut.