Pulmonary edema, which is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs, can be caused by various factors. The most common cause is heart problems, particularly congestive heart failure, which leads to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Other causes include pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins, medications, trauma to the chest wall, and traveling to or exercising at high elevations. Additionally, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema can be caused by factors such as blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism), exposure to certain toxins, smoke inhalation, and transfusion-related lung injury. Furthermore, pleural effusion, which is the buildup of fluid around the lungs, can occur due to pneumonia, congestive heart failure, or as a side effect from cancer.
In summary, the causes of fluid on the lungs can be diverse, ranging from heart-related issues to infections, toxins, and other medical conditions. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause is crucial in the treatment of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion.
