Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by frequent acid reflux or reflux of nonacidic content from the stomach. When you swallow, a circular band of muscle around the bottom of the esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus, leading to heartburn and other symptoms. Factors that may affect the lower esophageal sphincter and lead to GERD include being overweight or having obesity, being pregnant, smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke, and certain medications.
Other possible causes of GERD include birth defects, such as esophageal atresia and hernias, and connective tissue diseases like scleroderma, which may affect the esophagus muscles.
Additionally, lifestyle issues such as being overweight, overeating, consuming caffeine and alcohol, and eating chocolate and spicy foods may also contribute to the development of GERD.
In summary, the causes of GERD can be attributed to a combination of physiological factors, lifestyle choices, and certain medical conditions that affect the functioning of the lower esophageal sphincter and the esophagus muscles.
