Hiccups in adults are caused by involuntary spasms of the diaphragm muscle, which is responsible for breathing. These spasms cause a sudden closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic "hic" sound. Common causes of hiccups in adults include:
- Eating or drinking too quickly or too much, leading to stomach distension
- Drinking carbonated beverages or alcohol
- Eating spicy or hot/cold foods
- Swallowing air from chewing gum, smoking, or aerophagia
- Emotional stress, excitement, or sudden temperature changes
- Irritation or damage to the nerves controlling the diaphragm (vagus or phrenic nerves), caused by factors such as throat infections, acid reflux, or tumors
- Central nervous system disorders like stroke, brain injury, or infections
- Metabolic problems such as diabetes or electrolyte imbalances
- Side effects of certain medications and alcohol misuse
Most hiccups last less than 48 hours and go away on their own, but persistent hiccups lasting longer than 48 hours may indicate underlying medical issues requiring a healthcare provider's evaluation.
