Hyperpigmentation is a common condition that makes some areas of the skin darker than others. It occurs when the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. There are several factors that can trigger an increase in melanin production, including:
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Sun exposure: Sunlight triggers the production of melanin, which acts as the skins natural sunscreen. Excessive sun exposure can disrupt this process, leading to hyperpigmentation.
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Hormonal changes: Hormonal influences are the main cause of a particular kind of hyperpigmentation known as melasma or chloasma. It’s particularly common among women and is thought to occur when the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone stimulate the overproduction of melanin when skin is exposed to the sun.
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Injury or inflammation to the skin: This is sometimes called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and can result from acne, cuts, burns, chemical exposure, or skin conditions such as Atopic Dermatitis or Psoriasis.
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Certain medications: Some medications, such as antimalarial drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, and chemotherapy drugs, can cause hyperpigmentation as a side effect.
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Health conditions: Certain health conditions, such as Addisons disease, hemochromatosis, and some autoimmune and gastrointestinal diseases, can cause hyperpigmentation.
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Genetics: Some people are more prone to hyperpigmentation due to their genetics, such as a family with freckles.
Hyperpigmentation can occur in small patches, cover large areas, or affect the entire body. It can be diagnosed by a dermatologist who will request your medical history and give you a physical exam to determine the cause. Treatment can include topical products, avoiding sun exposure, and protecting the skin with sunscreen and protective clothing.
