Lightheadedness is caused by a temporary reduction in blood flow or oxygen to the brain, leading to a sensation of faintness or dizziness. Common causes include:
- A sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up quickly (orthostatic hypotension), which reduces blood flow to the brain
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), often seen in people with diabetes or those who have not eaten enough
- Dehydration or heat exhaustion, which lowers blood volume and blood pressure
- Side effects of certain medications, especially those that lower blood pressure or cause increased urination
- Anxiety, panic attacks, or emotional stress, which can affect blood flow and breathing
- Prolonged standing, especially in hot weather, which can cause blood to pool in the legs and reduce brain circulation
- Inner ear problems causing vertigo, which can be confused with lightheadedness but involve balance disturbances
- More serious conditions such as heart arrhythmias, heart attack, stroke, anemia, blood loss, or neurological disorders can also cause lightheadedness, often accompanied by other symptoms
Preventive measures include standing up slowly, staying hydrated, managing blood sugar levels, and consulting a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen
