Low potassium levels, also known as hypokalemia, can be caused by various factors, including:
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Excessive potassium loss in urine: This is the most common cause of low potassium. Prescription medications such as diuretics (water pills) can increase urination and lead to potassium loss.
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Vomiting and diarrhea: These conditions can result in excessive potassium loss from the digestive tract.
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Laxative use: Excessive use of laxatives can also cause potassium loss.
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Excessive sweating: Intense physical activity or living in hot climates can lead to excessive sweating and potassium loss.
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Alcohol use: Drinking too much alcohol can contribute to low potassium levels.
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Folic acid deficiency: A deficiency in folic acid, a B vitamin, can be a cause of low potassium.
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Certain medications: Some antibiotics, insulin, and corticosteroids can cause potassium loss.
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Chronic kidney disease: Kidney problems can affect potassium balance in the body, leading to low levels.
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Primary aldosteronism: This is a condition in which the adrenal glands produce too much aldosterone, a hormone that regulates potassium levels. It can cause excessive potassium loss.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis: This condition, characterized by high levels of acids in the blood, can lead to low potassium levels.
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Inadequate dietary intake: Although rare, not getting enough potassium in your diet can contribute to low potassium levels. Most people get enough potassium from their diet, which includes foods such as beans, dark leafy greens, potatoes, fish, and bananas.
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Other factors: Eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa, and certain rare conditions can also cause low potassium levels.
