Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of skin cancer that can be life-threatening. It is not clear what causes Merkel cell carcinoma, but researchers recently discovered that a common virus called Merkel cell polyomavirus plays a role in causing most cases of this cancer. The virus lives on the skin and doesnt cause any signs or symptoms. It is likely that other risk factors play a role in the development of this cancer, given that the virus is very common and Merkel cell carcinoma is very rare. Risk factors strongly associated with the development of Merkel cell carcinoma include:
- Age over 65 years
- Fair skin
- History of extensive sun exposure
- Chronic immune suppression (kidney or heart transplantation or HIV)
- Over age 50
Research suggests a weakened immune system may not be able to suppress the virus, and as a result, the virus causes skin cells to make a protein that turns off the genes that normally suppress the growth of tumors. Scientists have also proven that the sun's ultraviolet (UV) light can cause skin cancer, including Merkel cell carcinoma.
