Neuropathy is a condition that occurs when the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) are damaged. There are many factors that can cause peripheral neuropathies, so it is often difficult to pinpoint the origin. Some of the most common causes of neuropathy include:
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Diabetes: Diabetes is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in the UK and the US. High levels of sugar in the blood can damage the tiny blood vessels that supply the nerves, leading to nerve damage.
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Traumatic injuries: Injuries, such as those caused by accidents or falls, can damage the peripheral nerves and cause neuropathy.
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Infections: Certain viral or bacterial infections, such as Lyme disease, shingles, hepatitis B and C, can cause neuropathy.
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Metabolic problems: Metabolic problems, such as those caused by kidney or liver disorders, can lead to high amounts of toxic substances in the blood that can damage nerve tissue.
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Exposure to toxins: Exposure to toxins, such as those found in certain medications, alcohol, and environmental pollutants, can damage nerves and cause neuropathy.
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Inherited causes: Some people inherit neuropathy from their parents.
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Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome, can cause peripheral neuropathy.
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Cancers and tumors: Certain cancers and benign tumors can cause neuropathy by infiltrating or pressing on nerve fibers.
Understanding the causes of neuropathy is important for finding effective prevention and treatment strategies. In many cases, lifestyle choices can play a role in preventing peripheral neuropathy. You can lessen your risk for many of these conditions by avoiding alcohol, correcting vitamin deficiencies, eating a healthy diet, losing weight, and quitting smoking.
